Goethe A1 Personal Pronouns: mich, dich, mir and dir

Level:A1Duration:~65 min + 15 min oralFee:Varies by centerValidity:UnlimitedFormat:4 modules

Updated 29 July 2026 · Checked against the official Goethe A1 inventory

Personal pronouns replace a person or thing so it is not repeated. Goethe’s A1 inventory includes nominative forms, accusative mich, dich, ihn, sie and es, and core dative forms such as mir, dir, ihm, ihr, uns, euch and Ihnen. The pronoun depends not only on the person but also on its role in the sentence.

Personal pronouns in three cases

FormUse
ich → mich → mirnominative → accusative → dative
du → dich → dirinformal singular you
er → ihn → ihmhe/him
sie → sie → ihrshe/her
es → es → ihmit
wir → uns → unswe/us
ihr → euch → euchinformal plural you
Sie → Sie → Ihnenformal you

How the verb selects the case

GermanExplanation
Ich sehe ihn.sehen + accusative: I see him.
Kannst du mir helfen?helfen + dative: Can you help me?
Ich danke Ihnen.danken + dative and formal address.
Wie geht es dir?es geht + dative.
Das Buch gehört ihr.gehören + dative: The book belongs to her.

Common mistakes

  • Swapping mich and mir without checking the verb.
  • Using accusative after helfen: Ich helfe dich.
  • Writing formal Ihnen with a lower-case initial.
  • Failing to distinguish she, they and formal you uses of sie/Sie from context.

Check the verb first: sehen/besuchen takes an accusative object; helfen/danken takes a dative person.

Practice with answers

TaskAnswer
Er sieht ___. (ich)Er sieht mich.
Kannst du ___ helfen? (ich)Kannst du mir helfen?
Ich besuche ___. (er)Ich besuche ihn.
Wie geht es ___? (du)Wie geht es dir?
Frau Klein, ich danke ___.Frau Klein, ich danke Ihnen.

Official basis

Scope follows Goethe’s A1 personal-pronoun inventory and its restriction of productive dative use to selected core verbs and patterns.

Related guides

Put the rule into use

Write one accusative and one dative sentence for each person, then compare the pronoun pairs.

Personal Pronouns FAQ

mich, mir, dich and dir

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